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"Metacognition has been intensively localized in the **rostrolateral / frontopolar prefrontal cortex (BA10)**. Fleming, Weil, Nagy, Dolan & Rees (*Science* 2010) showed that gray-matter volume in right rlPFC predicts introspective accuracy; Fleming, Ryu, Golfinos & Blackmon (*Brain* 2014) showed that lesions to anterior PFC produce *domain-specific* metacognitive deficits while leaving first-order task performance intact. A meta-analysis by Vaccaro & Fleming (2018) found that right anterior dlPFC and lateral frontopolar cortex preferentially activate during metacognitive judgments across perception, memory, and value-based choice; primate work by Miyamoto, Setsuie, Osada & Miyashita (*Neuron* 2018) closed the causal loop by reversibly silencing frontopolar cortex and selectively impairing metacognitive judgment on non-experience."

From The Examined Cognition: Substrates of Metacognition and Methods for Looking at the Looking

Supports Fact · compass_artifact_wf-af07b1cf-ff94-4a36-be38-b2e696b60a16_text_markdown.md

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Position 1384 · 840 characters (within the extraction window)

Extracted 25 September 2026

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