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Every number the research reported. Figures taken from the summaries and findings of the documents, with the sentence each one came in. The document it links to carries the source.

01The €64M is a Canadian Department of National Defence (DND) outlay under Operation REASSURANCE.Canada's €64M "Investment" in Latvian Military Infrastructure: Fact-CheckFigureCanadian economy & policy€64M22 Jul

02The €64M is one tranche of more than €315M Canada has committed since 2017 as framework nation of the NATO Multinational Brigade Latvia.Canada's €64M "Investment" in Latvian Military Infrastructure: Fact-CheckFigureCanadian economy & policy€64M22 Jul

03On 19 May 2026 in Riga, foundation stones were laid for two construction projects worth a combined €64 million (roughly $95M CAD / $70M USD at current rates):Canada's €64M "Investment" in Latvian Military Infrastructure: Fact-CheckFigureCanadian economy & policy€64 million22 Jul

04Howe's Skuterud), and shows that of roughly +1.7 million net jobs added in Canada from 2019 to 2024, the vast majority (>90%) were filled by landed immigrants plus NPRs, with Canadian-born employment up only modestly.The Canadian Equivalent of the "9-of-10 Jobs to Foreign-Born" Claim: A StatsCan-Based Reality CheckFigureCanadian economy & policy1.7 million22 Jul

05StatsCan reports that immigration contributed 79.9% of Canadian labour-force growth from 2016 to 2021 — and that share rose further through 2022–2024 once NPR inflows are included.The Canadian Equivalent of the "9-of-10 Jobs to Foreign-Born" Claim: A StatsCan-Based Reality CheckFigureCanadian economy & policy79.9%22 Jul

06From 2020 to 2022, the core-aged (25–54) employment rate rose 8.1 pp among recent immigrants vs. 4.4 pp among Canadian-born.The Canadian Equivalent of the "9-of-10 Jobs to Foreign-Born" Claim: A StatsCan-Based Reality CheckFigureCanadian economy & policy8.1 pp22 Jul

07Adding NPRs lifts the total foreign-born share above 30% by 2024.The Canadian Equivalent of the "9-of-10 Jobs to Foreign-Born" Claim: A StatsCan-Based Reality CheckFigureCanadian economy & policy30%22 Jul

08Rose by only roughly +100K to +200K at most — and on a per-capita basis, the Canadian-born employment rate actually declined since 2016 by 2.0 percentage points.The Canadian Equivalent of the "9-of-10 Jobs to Foreign-Born" Claim: A StatsCan-Based Reality CheckFigureCanadian economy & policy2.0 percentage points22 Jul

09Combined foreign-born share of net new jobs: on the order of 90–100%+ — i.e., the Canadian equivalent statement is "essentially all of Canada's net post-COVID job growth went to immigrants and temporary residents."The Canadian Equivalent of the "9-of-10 Jobs to Foreign-Born" Claim: A StatsCan-Based Reality CheckFigureCanadian economy & policy90–100%22 Jul

10Howe (Skuterud, 2024) has documented that the LFS undercounts NPRs by roughly 3–4 percentage points of the 15+ population, meaning the official numbers likely understate the foreign-born contribution.The Canadian Equivalent of the "9-of-10 Jobs to Foreign-Born" Claim: A StatsCan-Based Reality CheckFigureCanadian economy & policy3–4 percentage points22 Jul

11The foreign-born share of employment was approaching ~33% by late 2024 (immigrants ~29% + NPR employees ~4%).The Canadian Equivalent of the "9-of-10 Jobs to Foreign-Born" Claim: A StatsCan-Based Reality CheckFigureCanadian economy & policy33%22 Jul

12This is roughly double the US foreign-born employment share (~19%) — Canada has the highest foreign-born share of the labour force in the G7.The Canadian Equivalent of the "9-of-10 Jobs to Foreign-Born" Claim: A StatsCan-Based Reality CheckFigureCanadian economy & policy19%22 Jul

13Total employment was essentially flat through most of 2025: only +27,000 net jobs from Jan–Jul 2025; unemployment rose to 7.1% in September (highest since 2016 ex-pandemic).The Canadian Equivalent of the "9-of-10 Jobs to Foreign-Born" Claim: A StatsCan-Based Reality CheckFigureCanadian economy & policy7.1%22 Jul

14NPR population fell from 3.149M (Q4 2024) → 2.848M (Q4 2025) — a record-fast contraction; Q1 2025 alone saw 209,400 NPR departures (+54% YoY).The Canadian Equivalent of the "9-of-10 Jobs to Foreign-Born" Claim: A StatsCan-Based Reality CheckFigureCanadian economy & policy54%22 Jul

15Recent-immigrant overqualification jumped to 34.7% in Sept 2025 (+4.2 pp YoY), while it fell among Canadian-born to 18.5%.The Canadian Equivalent of the "9-of-10 Jobs to Foreign-Born" Claim: A StatsCan-Based Reality CheckFigureCanadian economy & policy34.7%22 Jul

16Layoff rate held at 0.6–0.7% (not seasonally adjusted) — modestly elevated but not a crash; long-term unemployment hit its highest share since Feb 1998 (excluding 2020–21).The Canadian Equivalent of the "9-of-10 Jobs to Foreign-Born" Claim: A StatsCan-Based Reality CheckFigureCanadian economy & policy0.6–0.7%22 Jul

17Manufacturing -31K in April 2025, construction -22K in July, federal public administration -16.5K (-4.3%) YoY in Oct 2025; Windsor CMA unemployment hit 11.2% in June 2025 (auto/tariffs).The Canadian Equivalent of the "9-of-10 Jobs to Foreign-Born" Claim: A StatsCan-Based Reality CheckFigureCanadian economy & policy4.3%22 Jul

18Statistics Canada (Feng Hou, Garnett Picot, "Improvement in labour market outcomes of recent immigrants since the mid-2010s," 2024): documents that the immigrant–Canadian-born employment-rate gap fell from 13.1 pp (2010) to 6.5 pp (2023).The Canadian Equivalent of the "9-of-10 Jobs to Foreign-Born" Claim: A StatsCan-Based Reality CheckFigureCanadian economy & policy13.1 pp22 Jul

19Statistics Canada (Daily, Oct 26 2022): "from 2016 to 2021, immigration contributed to 79.9% of the growth in Canada's labour force." This is the closest official Canadian statement to the US "9 of 10 new jobs" line.The Canadian Equivalent of the "9-of-10 Jobs to Foreign-Born" Claim: A StatsCan-Based Reality CheckFigureCanadian economy & policy79.9%22 Jul

20Financial Accountability Office of Ontario (2024 report on immigrant labour-market outcomes): explicitly uses Table 14-10-0083-01; finds immigrants drove 63% of Ontario's 2015–2022 labour-force growth, with NPRs adding more.The Canadian Equivalent of the "9-of-10 Jobs to Foreign-Born" Claim: A StatsCan-Based Reality CheckFigureCanadian economy & policy63%22 Jul

21CBC (Jan 2024 series, "Unsettling"): documented the surge of NPRs from 1.7M to 2.5M in 12 months and the warnings federal civil servants gave about housing/services.The Canadian Equivalent of the "9-of-10 Jobs to Foreign-Born" Claim: A StatsCan-Based Reality CheckFigureCanadian economy & policy12 months22 Jul

22HST is largely a wash for the storefront owner but a real burden on the consumer: HST-registered businesses recover input tax credits on their purchases, so the 13% HST is a cash-flow item, not a structural cost.Fact-Check & Gap Analysis: Tax and Regulatory Anatomy of a Small Commercial Storefront on Barton Street East, HamiltonFigureCanadian economy & policy13%22 Jul

23Industrial values +182%: MPAC's own figure, reported by CBC — "Industrial properties have jumped 182 per cent, with logistics warehousing a big part of that trend." Residential rose 94%, multi-residential 104%, farm 128%.Fact-Check & Gap Analysis: Tax and Regulatory Anatomy of a Small Commercial Storefront on Barton Street East, HamiltonFigureCanadian economy & policy182%22 Jul

24FY 2024-25 deficit was $36.3 B, well below the $48.3 B previously projected.Fact-Check & Gap Analysis: Tax and Regulatory Anatomy of a Small Commercial Storefront on Barton Street East, HamiltonFigureCanadian economy & policy$36.3 B22 Jul

25The commercial rate of 3.541% applies only to urban Hamilton; rural and Stoney Creek properties pay 3.085–3.294%.Fact-Check & Gap Analysis: Tax and Regulatory Anatomy of a Small Commercial Storefront on Barton Street East, HamiltonFigureCanadian economy & policy3.541%22 Jul

26Use 16% of the average property tax bill, not 18%.Fact-Check & Gap Analysis: Tax and Regulatory Anatomy of a Small Commercial Storefront on Barton Street East, HamiltonFigureCanadian economy & policy16%22 Jul

27Residential: 35% (down from 40%; phase-out is in progress)Fact-Check & Gap Analysis: Tax and Regulatory Anatomy of a Small Commercial Storefront on Barton Street East, HamiltonFigureCanadian economy & policy35%22 Jul

28The diagram's "40% residential / 37% industrial / 70% office" snapshot is roughly one cycle out of date.Fact-Check & Gap Analysis: Tax and Regulatory Anatomy of a Small Commercial Storefront on Barton Street East, HamiltonFigureCanadian economy & policy40%22 Jul

29HST is mostly neutral for the storefront, but is a 13% consumer-side tax.Fact-Check & Gap Analysis: Tax and Regulatory Anatomy of a Small Commercial Storefront on Barton Street East, HamiltonFigureCanadian economy & policy13%22 Jul

30The City's most recent publicly itemized by-law (23-092 schedule) shows Barton Village's approved levy at $95,000 for 2023; the levy is recalculated each year.Fact-Check & Gap Analysis: Tax and Regulatory Anatomy of a Small Commercial Storefront on Barton Street East, HamiltonFigureCanadian economy & policy$95,00022 Jul

31The first $500,000 threshold remains unchanged in the 2026 Budget text (the planned $600,000 limit from Bill 12, Cutting Taxes on Small Businesses Act, 2025, was not reflected).Fact-Check & Gap Analysis: Tax and Regulatory Anatomy of a Small Commercial Storefront on Barton Street East, HamiltonFigureCanadian economy & policy$500,00022 Jul

32Total cost: $18.3 M to date, with $52 M+ budgeted across 2025-2027 for continued recovery (including $30 M+ capital).Fact-Check & Gap Analysis: Tax and Regulatory Anatomy of a Small Commercial Storefront on Barton Street East, HamiltonFigureCanadian economy & policy$18.3 M22 Jul

33$625 Planning sign permit fee plus a Building Permit (minimum $291) where structural attachment requires it.Fact-Check & Gap Analysis: Tax and Regulatory Anatomy of a Small Commercial Storefront on Barton Street East, HamiltonFigureCanadian economy & policy$62522 Jul

34This is not part of the property tax — it is a separate utility bill — and it is projected to rise ~10% per year through the decade.Fact-Check & Gap Analysis: Tax and Regulatory Anatomy of a Small Commercial Storefront on Barton Street East, HamiltonFigureCanadian economy & policy10%22 Jul

35Community Benefits Charges (CBCs) and Parkland Dedication fees: apply on redevelopment/new builds (4% of land value for CBC), not on operating a storefront, but relevant if the property is redeveloped.Fact-Check & Gap Analysis: Tax and Regulatory Anatomy of a Small Commercial Storefront on Barton Street East, HamiltonFigureCanadian economy & policy4%22 Jul

36Heritage Minister Marc Miller in May 2026 publicly floated extending the Canadian Journalism Labour Tax Credit to broadcasters at a potential cost of up to $6 billion.The Canadian Economic Dossier (1994–May 2026)FigureCanadian economy & policy$6 billion22 Jul